Morocco's Economic Growth Amidst Youth Migration
Despite witnessing an approximate four percent growth in its economy, a significant number of young Moroccans are eager to leave their home country. This perplexing situation has been analyzed by Isabelle Werenfels, a North Africa expert from the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, who sheds light on the underlying factors contributing to this contradiction.
The economic growth in Morocco is notably evident in the construction and infrastructure sectors, propelled by major projects such as the upcoming 2030 FIFA World Cup. Initiatives like high-speed trains, new stadiums, and airports are redefining the landscape of Morocco's economy. Additionally, the country has experienced an industrial surge, most prominently in automobile manufacturing and its supply chains, positioning itself as a leader in Africa. Furthermore, Morocco's exports of phosphates and fertilizers have gained increasing importance, especially following geopolitical tensions that have affected global trade routes. The nation is also developing its own defense industry and making strides in technology, while tourism has firmly established Morocco as the premier destination in Africa.
The Disparity in Development and Its Consequences
However, this growth is not uniformly distributed. The concept of 'two speeds' of development is prevalent in Morocco, where a globalized elite and an upper middle class are reaping the benefits of these infrastructure advancements, while rural areas remain significantly disadvantaged. These regions are grappling with alarmingly high illiteracy rates and low agricultural incomes, creating a stark contrast that emphasizes the struggle of those left behind.
One of the primary reasons young people are unable to find work is the disparity between public and private education systems, which produce an excessive number of university graduates relative to skilled laborers. The economic growth, although positive, has not generated sufficient jobs to accommodate the influx of new job seekers; estimates suggest that by 2025, approximately 400,000 individuals will enter the job market, yet only around 200,000 new positions are expected to be created. This dire scenario has a profound impact on young people's life choices, stunting their ability to move out, marry, or engage in relationships due to the strong social controls prevalent in conservative settings.
The frustration among the youth has resulted in rising issues related to substance abuse and an overwhelming desire to migrate. Interestingly, there is a silver lining to this bleak outlook: the fertility rate in Morocco is declining, as young couples prefer to have one or two children to provide them with a quality education. Morocco's fertility rate is currently hovering at a level that barely sustains its population.
While economic hopelessness is the most significant reason for migration, it is not the sole factor. A well-established diaspora offers tempting prospects, as many believe that their relatives abroad could provide assistance. Additionally, societal freedoms play a crucial role in this decision-making process. Paradoxically, as per capita income rises, so does the pressure to migrate, as individuals can afford to hire smugglers; however, once a certain income threshold is reached, this pressure tends to diminish.
With the government promising increased investments in health and education, there remains a backdrop of repression that raises concerns. Morocco appears to be emulating Asian developmental dictatorships, aiming to provide economic and socio-economic opportunities while tightly controlling political freedoms.
As reported by srf.ch.
