Military Dynamics Between Spain and Morocco: A Cautious Outlook
Retired Major General Juan Chicharro Ortega has issued a stern warning regarding the military costs associated with the incidents in Ceuta, emphasizing the need for Spain to consider its potential reactions after exhausting other diplomatic avenues. In his commentary, he outlines various diplomatic, economic, and social measures that should be prioritized before resorting to armed defense, acknowledging that the Moroccan forces have undergone significant modernization. This sequence of priorities is crucial for understanding Chicharro's perspective on military engagement, as he advocates for the integration of advanced technology with operational units that have trained cohesively, rather than merely increasing the number of aircraft or naval vessels.
Chicharro's insights were shared in an article published on August 6, 2026, on the General Dávila blog, where he speaks from his experience as a former military leader. It is important to clarify that his statements do not represent the official stance of the Spanish Armed Forces. The Royal Moroccan Air Force, for instance, operates advanced F-16 Block 52 fighter jets, and Boeing has confirmed the delivery of the first AH-64E Apache helicopter by 2025. However, as of September 1, 2026, it remains unclear how many of these aircraft are operational, with reports indicating that the 25 F-16 Block 72 jets were still pending delivery.
Technological Advancements and Strategic Implications
The technological leap made by Morocco is evident, as the country has integrated unmanned aerial vehicles, guided munitions, and new helicopters into its arsenal, while also developing a layered air defense architecture. Reports suggest that the Barak MX system from Israel became operational in January, showcasing a growing capability in electronic warfare, although the specifics regarding the number of batteries, coverage, and availability remain unconfirmed. Conversely, Spain maintains its air defense through platforms such as the Eurofighter and EF-18, along with advanced missiles and radar systems. The Eurofighter became fully operational at Gando in June, with plans to expand its fleet to 20 units.
Spain's naval capabilities include the addition of the S-81 Isaac Peral submarine, which participated in NATO's Noble Shield operation in February 2026, enhancing its underwater surveillance and combat capabilities. In contrast, Morocco's naval assets boast the FREMM Mohammed VI frigate and three SIGMA-class ships, which are equipped for various surveillance and combat missions. The logistical support for naval operations is vital, as it encompasses fuel, ammunition, and medical assistance, which are just as critical as the combat systems themselves. Joint training exercises, such as the African Lion 26, have showcased Morocco's commitment to enhancing its military capabilities and interoperability with other nations, including Spain, which regularly engages in NATO drills and allied command posts.
Despite the advancements made by both nations, there are still gaps in Spain's military readiness, particularly with ongoing upgrades to its EF-18 fleet and the construction of F-110 frigates. The uncertainty regarding operational readiness, reserves, and political decisions adds another layer of complexity to the military calculus in the region. Chicharro's emphasis on deterrence hinges on the ability to raise the expected costs of conflict to discourage the use of force, which remains a critical consideration in the evolving dynamics between Spain and Morocco.
As reported by larazon.es.
